DRM.
Digital Rights Management. The mere term is enough to set teeth on edge at innumerable fora for ebook lovers and set publishers to fisticuffs with so-called "pirates" (too glamorous a name for them, methinks), who cheerfully fly the flag of "free ebooks for all."
But what is DRM? And why do you want it?
Do you want it? And is it, as claimed by noted Sci-Fi author Charlie Stross, actually killing Bix Sig Publishing, at their own insistence?
Stross,
in his blog,
Charlie's Diary, writes:
"As ebook sales mushroom, the Big Six's insistence on DRM has proven to
be a hideous mistake. Rather than reducing piracy[*], it has locked
customers in Amazon's walled garden, which in turn increases Amazon's
leverage over publishers." (Stross' asterisked note goes on to say: "[*] It doesn't reduce piracy; if you poke around
bittorrent you'll find plenty of DRM-cracked ebooks — including all of
my titles. DRM is snake oil; ultimately the reader has to be able to
read whatever they bought, which means shipping a decryption key along
with the encrypted file. And once they've got the key, someone will
figure out how to use it to unlock the book.")
Now, first, what is DRM? DRM is "Digital Rights Management," and in short, it's an encryption key, "tuned" to your own device or reading software, that allows you, and only you, (or folks to whom you legally "lend" the ebook) to read an ebook that you've purchased from Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Kobo, and the like. Many authors and publishers are vociferous proponents of DRM, not wanting their IP--intellectual property--illegally shared (without payment therefor, in other words).
Proponents of doing away with DRM argue, as does Stross, that it doesn't prevent piracy, and there's certainly some truth to that. If you don't have multi-million dollar book sales, as an author, it's
very expensive to add DRM to your own ebooks (to sell on your own website, for example), as the primary commercial DRM software available is Adobe's Content Server, which runs about $6K (yes: six thousand buckeroos) for a license, and, if that isn't painful enough, you need someone trained to use it. You'd have to sell Locke-worthy numbers to pay for that type of overhead, which is one of the advantages of selling through Amazon, Barnes & Noble, etc.--you get to use
theirs, without paying Adobe's rather exorbitant licensing fees.
But Stross' point, in his blog, is that Bix Six Publishers (BSP--is that a coincidence, she wondered?) are, literally, slitting their own throats by using DRM on their ebooks, because using DRM ties them in to Amazon's platform...and hence, delivers them directly into Amazon's
nefarious bargaining clutches (by his reckoning). He reasons that Amazon used DRM, and their proprietary platform, to propel themselves to an 80% market share, because users (that would be the reading public) are locked into Amazon's platform as their existing purchases
can't be read on other devices.
But is that
crucial part of the argument even correct? Nowadays, you can install completely
free Amazon reading software
on almost any mobile or stationary computer, so you're not
locked into a Kindle device any longer; your books aren't lost to you,
even if you ran out and bought a NookColor, which uses ePUB format. You could still read your Kindle books on your computer; your Kindle; your smartphone, or even an iPad. A Galaxy tablet; a Droid tablet; a Crackberry...well, you get my drift.
Now, I think that Stross is wrong in many aspects; I don't think that Amazon's use of DRM catapulted it to its 80% market share;
I think that their early recognition that self-publishing, and ebooks, were the natural outgrowth and bastard children of blogging is what propelled it to those lofty heights. Were they, as he argues, willing to take a hit on the early sale of Kindles, in order to sell eBooks? You
betcha. And just like any other capitalistic enterprise, risk was rewarded, and
they reaped the rewards of selling devices at a loss, just in order to sell ebooks. Nearly everyone reading this blog is a direct beneficiary of that philosophy, because that same risk-taking mentality led to the very expensive development of the KDP--the Kindle Digital Platform, providing an Indy Publishing outlet for self-published authors to be seen by large numbers of prospective eBook buyers.
I'd lend his argument more credence if he'd argued that the proprietary
format was a bigger "lock-in," but he never even took that argument out for a spin. His rationale is essentially that because Publishers insist on DRM, they're somehow joined at the hip to Amazon, (Nook, anyone? Google Editions? iBooks?), and that the DRM has locked the consumers into Amazon's website--hence, giving Amazon an Olympian advantage over those self-same publishers, bringing them to their knees during pricing negotiations.
He then argues that the supply chain is also getting whacked with the "cram-down." But the part that he seems not to discuss, or wrestle with, is this:
these publishers, like everyone else in life, have a choice. They could, if they wished, cut exclusive deals with Nook, instead of Kindle. They could, if they wished, publish their own ebooks (they can certainly afford their own DRM software), and sell them from their own websites. Harlequin does it, and quite neatly, cheerfully sidestepping Amazon and building a community in the process (and of budding authors, too, I'd note...appetizers for the Amazons of the world, if not a whole meal).
And lastly: no publisher in the
world "has to" use DRM. If DRM is, as Stross argues, the Devil's Brew, then Hachette, Putnam, etc.,
can simply stop using it. But I think that Stross is wrong, and that the entire picture is more complicated than that--or less. I think it's nothing more than this: people will, in general, always do what's easiest,
and Amazon has made shopping with them easier than shopping with anyone else. No draconian schemes, no Dickensian plots; no Rube Goldberg twists and turns: nothing more than humans obeying the laws of physics, favoring the least amount of energy.
Stross argues that once Amazon controls the world, it will continue the cram-down on everyone, including Indy authors, and that all will lose, under that scenario. What do you think?
**My apologies to the divine Ella, The Chairman of the Board, and even Adam Ant, for abusing the lyrics that
They Did So Well.
=============================================
RIP Mr. Clancy. April 1, 2004--November 22, 2011. "Of all God's creatures, there is only one that cannot be made slave of
the lash. That one is the cat. If man could be crossed with the cat it
would improve the man, but it would deteriorate the cat." - Mark Twain
